A stuttering/stammering is a speech problem, mainly when some pauses and interruptions interrupt the timing and smooth flow of the speech. These interruptions might be represented by repeating sounds, syllables, or phrases; prolongation and blocks.

Person with articulation disorders have trouble producing certain speech sounds correctly after reaching the expected age. This speech sound issue frequently results in slurred or unclear speech and involves changing one sound for another.

PLI (pragmatic language impairment) describes children who have considerable problems with the use of language. They are unable to express themselves in complex or compound sentences like story telling and re telling.

Deafness or Hearing Loss can cause speech and language problems that delay the development of receptive and expressive communication skills and reduce academic success along with misarticulation and poor expressive language.

Fear of public speaking is a prevalent phobia caused due to weakness in pragmatics. Some people suffer mild anxiety at the perspective of public speaking, while others experience full-fledged panic and fear due to lack of confidence. Speech-language pathologists help people improve their communication skills and minimize their fear in public speaking.

When a child takes longer than other kids of their age to complete specific developmental milestones like motor and speech both then it is referred to as a “developmental delay” or “global development delay.”

Esophageal speech therapy after laryngectomy teaches patients new speaking techniques. It is essential to learn how to burp and then speak with the help of upper esophageal muscles.

Muscular tension dysphonia, which results from excessive muscle tension in and around the voice box, is a change in how your voice sounds or feels. The vocal folds and other auxiliary laryngeal muscles may be included in this. Mostly it is related to excessive stress and tension.

Specific language impairment (SLI) is a communication issue that impairs language development in children with hearing loss or intellectual disabilities like learning, problem-solving, etc.

Corporate Speech-Language Pathology is concerned with helping the borderline population whose problems either have not been an issue till date or a problem so subtle that it is observable only to careful eyes mostly communicative issues in offices and formal meetings related to suprasegmental and segmental aspects.

Dysarthria is a group of neurogenic speech disorders characterized by abnormalities in the strength, speed, range, stability, tone, or precision of motions necessary for breathing, pronunciation, or prosodic aspect of speech production.

Trouble of swallowing solids or liquids is an indication that pilots several neurological disorders. In medical terms, it is known as Dysphagia. Patient is not able to swallow food and mostly feed through Ryle’s tube or PEG tube.

A child with learning disabilities has reading, spelling, and writing difficulties. These are language issues. Early speech and language difficulties can lead to later reading and writing difficulties.

The voice quality caused by sound vibrations in the pharynx (throat), oral cavity (mouth), and nasal cavity (nose) is known as resonance. The quality of speech and voice is determined by the balance of sound vibration in these locations.

Children born with a cleft lip and palate may experience delays in the onset of speech and the development of speech sounds. A speech and language pathologist starts therapy that includes face exercise, sound clearance, blowing exercise, open mouth approach etc.

Cognitive training is intended to increase or preserve certain cognitive processes or skills, such as memory, attention, or other cognitive functions.